高压电瓷无损检测技术研究及应用现状

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1935.2026.04.016

耐火材料 ›› 2026, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 363-368.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1935.2026.04.016

• 综合评述 • 上一篇

高压电瓷无损检测技术研究及应用现状

雷涛涛¹⁾, 丁冬海¹⁾, 种小川¹⁾, 肖国庆¹⁾, 岳永刚²⁾, 田晓云²⁾, 党大威²⁾, 李智辉²⁾

1)西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院陕西西安 710055;
2)内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古超高压供电分公司内蒙古呼和浩特 010080

收稿日期:2025-08-14 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-21
通讯作者: 丁冬海,男,1983年生,博士,教授。E-mail:dingdongxauat@163.com
作者简介:雷涛涛:男,1999年生,硕士研究生。E-mail:tt13511893706@xauat.edu.cn
基金资助:
内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司2024年度科技项目(2024-4-30;2024-4-32)。

Research and application status of nondestructive testing technology for high-voltage electrical porcelain

Lei Taotao, Ding Donghai, Chong Xiaochuan, Xiao Guoqing, Yue Yonggang, Tian Xiaoyun, Dang Dawei, Li Zhihui

First author’s address: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi, China

Received:2025-08-14 Online:2026-08-15 Published:2026-08-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高压电瓷作为电力系统中的设备部件,在电气绝缘方面发挥着重要作用。其服役可靠性关系到电网的安全稳定运行,电瓷内部裂纹等缺陷是导致其无预兆损毁的主要原因。准确检测这些缺陷对保障电网运行至关重要。然而,传统检测方法不仅效率较低,还可能对设备造成二次损伤,难以满足现代电力系统对设备运行状态的检测需求。无损检测技术凭借其非破坏性和高精度的优势,成为高压电瓷缺陷检测领域的研究热点。为此,系统阐述了超声波扫描、X射线成像和声发射等无损检测技术的基本原理,并分析了这些技术在高压电瓷缺陷检测中的应用现状。针对现有技术仍存在检测灵敏度不足、复杂工况适应性有限等问题,进一步总结分析了多技术协同检测、太赫兹辐射等发展方向,以提升高压电瓷无损检测的智能化水平与工程适用性,从而为延长高压电瓷服役寿命提供技术支撑。

关键词: 电瓷, 无损检测, 超声波扫描, X射线, 声发射

Abstract: High-voltage electrical porcelain is a key component of power system equipment and plays an important role in electrical insulation.Its service reliability guarantees the safe and stable operation of the power grid.Internal cracks and other defects of electrical porcelain are the main cause of its unheralded damage.Accurate detection of such defects is crucial for ensuring safe power grid operation.Traditional detection methods are not only low in efficiency,but also may cause secondary damage to equipment,failing to meet the operating state detection requirements of modern power system equipment.With the advantages of non-destructiveness and high precision,nondestructive testing technology has become a research hotspot in the defect detection of high-voltage electrical porcelain.The basic principles of ultrasonic scanning,X-ray imaging,acoustic emission and other nondestructive testing technologies were systematically expounded,and their application status in high-voltage electrical porcelain defect detection was analyzed.In view of the problems of insufficient detection sensitivity and limited adaptability to complex working conditions existing in current technologies,in this work,the development directions such as multi-technology collaborative detection and terahertz radiation were further summarized and analyzed,so as to improve the intelligent level and engineering applicability of high-voltage electrical porcelain nondestructive testing,and provide technical support for extending the service life of high-voltage electrical porcelain.

Key words: electrical porcelain, nondestructive testing, ultrasonic scanning, X-ray, acoustic emission

中图分类号:

TM21

雷涛涛, 丁冬海, 种小川, 肖国庆, 岳永刚, 田晓云, 党大威, 李智辉. 高压电瓷无损检测技术研究及应用现状[J]. 耐火材料, 2026, 60(4): 363-368.

Lei Taotao, Ding Donghai, Chong Xiaochuan, Xiao Guoqing, Yue Yonggang, Tian Xiaoyun, Dang Dawei, Li Zhihui. Research and application status of nondestructive testing technology for high-voltage electrical porcelain[J]. Refractories, 2026, 60(4): 363-368.

参考文献

[1] 孙庆峰,刘高明,金江舟,等.低零值盘型悬式瓷绝缘子发热机理研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2024(6):138-144.
[2] 刘运政,邹德仕,吕强,等.塔型支柱瓷绝缘子抗震特性分析[J].电气技术,2024,25(12):50-54.
[3] 路世伟.特高压输电用电瓷绝缘子配方与工艺优化[J].中国高新科技,2025(4):77-79.
[4] 高原,卢方正.报废瓷绝缘子铁瓷自动分离装置的研制与应用[J].灯与照明,2025,49(2):241-243.
[5] 路世伟.基于主成分分析的瓷绝缘子缺陷识别方法研究[J].佛山陶瓷,2024,34(12):5-7.
[6] 白海城,林湘军,刘书洋.基于机器视觉的瓷瓶绝缘子表面缺陷检测方法[J].电子制作,2023,31(11):64-67+63.
[7] 朱梓清,刘小峰.基于改进KNN边缘滤波算法的陶瓷绝缘子表面检测研究[J].电子测量技术,2024,47(1):31-37.
[8] 夏祥泰,曹枚根,张若愚.复合支柱绝缘子在长期载荷下的损伤识别方法[J].广东电力,2024,37(2):95-102.
[9] 王格梓,张军,李志峰,等.机器学习在瓷绝缘子超声检测中的应用[J].自动化应用,2021(10):10-14.
[10] 晋涛,王伟,粱基重,等.基于声衰减特性的激光超声盆式绝缘子缺陷检测研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2023(3):161-165.
[11] Yousaf M,Iqbal T,Hussain M A,et al.Microstructural and mechanical characterization of high strength porcelain insulators for power transmission and distribution applications[J].Ceramics International,2022,48(2):1603-1610.
[12] Yue Y G,Yang L J,Chong X C,et al.Evolution of mechanical properties and microstructure of high alumina porcelain insulators with sintering temperature[J].Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society,2025,63(2):1-10.
[13] Liu N,Wang Y T,Wang D,et al.Research on defect detection method of porcelain insulator[C]//2022 IEEE 5^th International Conference on Automation,Electronics and Electrical Engineering (AUTEEE),2022:842-845.
[14] 孙志国,孙承绪,于衍宏,等.电熔耐火材料的超声检测技术应用研究[J].耐火材料,2000,34(6):350-352.
[15] Lutfi A,El-Hag A,Shaban K.Nonintrusive ultrasonic sensing and deep learning for outdoor ceramic insulator assessment[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2024,31(6):2993-3000.
[16] Shah J K,Wang H,El-Hawwat S.Detection of internal crack growth in polyethylene pipe using guided wave ultrasonic testing[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2024,23(2):319-329.
[17] 张海杰,陈仁刚,菅有为,等.支柱瓷绝缘子超声波检测分析与应用[J].山东电力技术,2014,41(6):47-48+59.
[18] 李阳,王少华,王延瑞,等.基于超声导波盆式绝缘子缺陷检测衰减率变化规律研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2025,32(10):1-11.
[19] 梁进祥,徐偲达,张虎.高压输电线路复合绝缘子硅橡胶内部缺陷超声检测[J].绝缘材料,2024,57(1):68-73.
[20] Wang A L.Application of acoustic spectrum analysis in detection of porcelain post insulators based on a portable insulator detection equipment[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2021,1865(2):022053.
[21] 高晋武,宋建成,王伟,等.基于超声导波能量的盆式绝缘子裂纹检测方法研究[J].高压电器,2023,59(6):165-171.
[22] Jin B Y,Shu S W,Chen W M,et al.Defect detection and localization method for porcelain insulators based on ultrasonic guided waves[C]//2024 3^rd Asia Power and Electrical Technology Conference (APET),2024:730-735.
[23] Lerantzis P I,Tsarabaris P T,Theodorou N J.Porcelain insulator inspection using infrared thermography[J].Sensor Letters,2020,18(4):288-292.
[24] Liu G T,Wen Y H,Gu Y,et al.Decision Tree Clusters:Non-destructive detection of overheating defects in porcelain insulators using quantitative thermal imaging techniques[J].Measurement,2025,241:115723.
[25] Qu Z,Jiang P,Zhang W X.Development and application of infrared thermography non-destructive testing techniques[J].Sensors,2020,20(14):3851.
[26] 王李惠.湿度对粉化复合绝缘子红外热成像检测的影响分析[J].海峡科学,2022(10):32-34+62.
[27] 刘嵘,辜超,周超,等.基于红外热像的瓷绝缘子劣化诊断技术研究[J].浙江电力,2025,44(1):116-123.
[28] Li X L,Shao M Y,Dong X,et al.The application of infrared thermal imaging technology in state detection of porcelain insulators[C]//2023 3^rd International Conference on Energy,Power and Electrical Engineering (EPEE),2023:476-480.
[29] Shen Z K,Mei H W,Tu Y X,et al.Porcelain bushing internal defects intelligent detection based on transient thermography[C]//2022 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC),2022:1-5.
[30] 章铖.基于红外热成像的变电站支柱绝缘子缺陷自动检测方法[J].自动化技术与应用,2024,43(8):16-19+45.
[31] Ilkhechi H D,Samimi M H.Applications of the acoustic method in partial discharge measurement:A review[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2021,28(1):42-51.
[32] Zhong D T,Sun Y C,Gao J,et al.Research on insulator defect acoustic signal recognition method based on CNN-GRU[J].AIP Advances,2024,14(11):1-12.
[33] 刘昌明,时朵,王志刚.基于小波包与独立分量分析的耐火材料声发射损伤特征提取[J].耐火材料,2020,54(3):185-190.
[34] Kannivel S,Vellayaraj A,Kolimi I,et al.Effect of thickness on indentation response and tensile loading behaviour of glass/epoxy laminates under acoustic emission monitoring[J].Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation,2021,36(2):158-175.
[35] Sagar R V,Basu D J.Damage assessment of reinforced concrete structures under elevated-amplitude cyclic loading using sentry values based on acoustic emission testing[J].Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation,2023,38(4):612-630.
[36] Mu W L,Gao Y Q,Wang Y X,et al.Modeling and analysis of acoustic emission generated by fatigue cracking[J].Sensors,2022,22(3):1208.
[37] Liu W T,Du Y J,Deng Y,et al.Tensile test and defect identification of composites insulator FRP rod materials based on acoustic emission technology[C]//2024 IEEE 7th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC),2024:2160-2165.
[38] 王远东,史文江,韩兴波,等.基于声发射特性的玻璃绝缘子污闪预测模型[J].电力建设,2021,42(5):138-144.
[39] 张泽彬.基于声发射技术的绝缘子材料污闪动态智能监测[J].粘接,2023,50(11):189-192.
[40] Choi I H,Shin K Y,Oh T K,et al.Analysis on damage of porcelain insulators using AE technique[J].Journal of the Korean Institute of Electronic Material Engineers,2020,33(3):231-238.
[41] Nyamupangedengu C,Luhlanga L P,Letlape T.Acoustic and HF detection of defects on porcelain pin insulators[C]//2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society Conference and Exposition in Africa,2007:1-5.
[42] Zhang G B,Yang W,Huang W M,et al.Effect of X-ray irradiation on properties of insulating materials[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2025,53(4):562-570.
[43] Agüero-Barrantes P,Hain A.Structural performance of porcelain insulators in overhead railway power systems:Experimental evaluations and findings[J].Infrastructures,2024,9(8):138.
[44] 张国宝,杨为,赵恒阳,等.基于X射线三维成像技术的在役GIS盆式绝缘子缺陷检测[J].高压电器,2022,58(10):230-236.
[45] 程绳,侯新文,范杨,等.基于X光扫描技术的复合绝缘子带电检测研究[J].自动化应用,2020(9):167-169.
[46] Du-Plessis A,Boshoff W P.A review of X-ray computed tomography of concrete and asphalt construction materials[J].Construction and Building Materials,2019,199:637-651.
[47] 罗洪宏.基于X射线的盆式绝缘子缺陷检测技术研究[J].电力设备管理,2019(7):30-31+33.
[48] 钟飞,张晓春,黄升平,等.GIS盆式绝缘子模拟缺陷的X-DR成像检测[J].无损检测,2018,40(1):45-49.
[49] Kim T,Sanyal S,Rabelo M,et al.Non-destructive analysis of power insulators by frequency response function and three dimensional-computed tomography[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2022,177:109310.
[50] Cho J Y,Jin W C,Bae S H,et al.Evaluation of microstructure,phases,and mechanical properties of aged porcelain insulator[J].Korean Journal of Materials Research,2019,29(3):137-142.
[51] Godoi W C,De-Geus K,Da-Silva R R,et al.Automated flaw detection in X-ray tomography of polymer insulators[J].Insight-Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,2010,52(10):533-539.
[52] 唐志国,李阳.太赫兹反射成像技术在复合绝缘子硅橡胶内部缺陷检测中的评述[J].绝缘材料,2022,55(7):10-16.
[53] Mei H W,Jiang H Y,Yin F H,et al.Detection of small defects in composite insulators using terahertz technique and deconvolution method[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2020,69(10):8146-8155.
[54] 马鹏,姜伟基,杜鑫,等.基于XGBoost算法的瓷支柱绝缘子振动声学检测信号缺陷识别方法研究[J].内蒙古电力技术,2024,42(1):53-59.
[55] 宋文清,胡永祥.基于YOLOv8的改进绝缘子缺陷检测算法[J].价值工程,2025,44(6):104-107.
[56] Mei H W,Jiang H Y,Chen J,et al.Detection of internal defects of full-size composite insulators based on microwave technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2021,70:6007710.

高压电瓷无损检测技术研究及应用现状

Research and application status of nondestructive testing technology for high-voltage electrical porcelain

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	岳永刚, 田晓云, 党大威, 李智辉, 景楠, 种小川, 丁冬海, 肖国庆. 高铝质高压电瓷材料强韧化研究进展[J]. 耐火材料, 2026, 60(2): 173-178.
[2]	吕振飞, 范梦可, 曹钰坤, 李熹虎, 柯洋慧, 张学佳, 王学凯, 沈秀琳, 张晓光. 废高铝球粉对莫来石-氧化铝-石英复相材料性能的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2025, 59(4): 323-329.
[3]	昝文宇, 马北越, 陈广鑫, 曹长坤, 李孟强. 利用低压电瓷废料和二次铝灰制备莫来石陶瓷基多孔骨料[J]. 耐火材料, 2024, 58(4): 302-306.
[4]	徐晓莹, 曹海洁, 魏立超, 马旭峰. 能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪在镁砂成分测定中的应用[J]. 耐火材料, 2024, 58(4): 354-356.
[5]	冯志源, 王晗, 宋艳艳, 范沐旭, 张涛, 武刚. 燃气轮机燃烧室用陶瓷瓦块的定量无损检测方法研究[J]. 耐火材料, 2022, 56(5): 458-460.
[6]	刘昌明,时朵,王志刚. 基于小波包与独立分量分析的耐火材料声发射损伤特征提取[J]. , 2020, 54(3): 185-190.
[7]	李桂娟,李淑静,李远兵. 锯末粒度对镁橄榄石-SiO2多孔陶粒性能的影响[J]. , 2017, 51(2): 112-117.
[8]	徐娜娜1),李淑静1),李远兵1),薛正良1),张金龙2),汪雷2). 利用低压电瓷废料制备轻质骨料的研究[J]. , 2015, 49(5): 381-383.
[9]	汪雷, 李淑静, 董舜杰,李艳, 李远兵, 徐娜娜. 黏土加入量对废高压电瓷制备莫来石轻质砖性能的影响[J]. , 2015, 49(2): 134-136.
[10]	赵尧杰，王志刚，刘昌明，韩兵强. MgO-C耐火材料受载损伤过程的声发射特性研究[J]. , 2012, 46(4): 254-0.
[11]	宋霞,杨双花,翟智卫. 低稀释比玻璃熔片X射线荧光光谱法分析高纯硅石中主次成分[J]. , 2011, 45(4): 318-0.
[12]	无损检测，脉冲激振法，高温弹性模量测试仪. 脉冲激振式耐火材料高温弹性模量测试仪及其应用[J]. , 2011, 45(4): 313-0.
[13]	王芙云,袁翠菊,张燕等. X射线荧光光谱玻璃熔融法测定硅质耐火材料[J]. , 2008, 42(5): 399-0.
[14]	陆晓明, 邰力, 金德龙 . X射线荧光光谱法分析镁铬耐火材料 [J]. , 2006, 40(3): 231-233.
[15]	胡坚,郭红丽,杜军卫,宋霞 . 锆英石质耐火材料的X射线荧光光谱分析法 [J]. , 2002, 36(1): 46-47.