C/C复合材料高温抗氧化涂层的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1935.2026.05.014

耐火材料 ›› 2026, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (5): 454-460.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1935.2026.05.014

• 综合评述 • 上一篇

C/C复合材料高温抗氧化涂层的研究进展

侯利超¹⁾, 田学坤²⁾, 顾强¹⁾, 刘新红²⁾

1)中钢洛耐科技股份有限公司河南洛阳 471003
2)郑州大学材料科学与工程学院河南省高温功能材料重点实验室河南郑州 450052

收稿日期:2025-09-24 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-29
通讯作者: 刘新红,女,1973年生,博士,教授。E-mail:liuxinhong@zzu.edu.cn
作者简介:侯利超:女,1989年生,工程师。E-mail:1062216606@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52572037,52172031);中原科技创新领军人才项目(254200510011)。

Research progress of high temperature oxidation-resistant coatings for C/C composites

Hou Lichao, Tian Xuekun, Gu Qiang, Liu Xinhong

First author’s address:Sinosteel Luonai Materials Technology Corporation,Luoyang 471003,Henan,China

Received:2025-09-24 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-10-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： C/C复合材料在高温含氧及强烧蚀条件下易发生氧化失效,严重制约其工程服役寿命,在其表面构建高温抗氧化陶瓷涂层被认为是提升其高温抗氧化与抗烧蚀性能的有效途径。本文中系统综述了C/C复合材料在高温服役过程中的主要失效机制及抗氧化涂层的防护机制,重点总结了ZrB₂基、ZrC基和ZrSiO₄基三类典型超高温陶瓷涂层体系在结构设计、制备工艺及高温防护性能方面的研究进展。同时,重点分析了多相掺杂、梯度复合结构、纳米增强涂层等新型防护体系在抑制氧扩散、缓解热应力和提升自愈合能力方面的作用机制。在此基础上,对高性能抗氧化涂层在材料体系设计、绿色制备工艺优化及极端环境适配性评价等方面的发展方向进行了展望,以期为C/C复合材料在复杂高温环境下的长期稳定服役提供参考。

关键词: C/C复合材料, 高温陶瓷涂层, 抗氧化性, 抗烧蚀性

Abstract: C/C composites are prone to oxidative failure under high-temperature oxygen-containing and severe ablation conditions,which seriously restricts their engineering service life.Constructing high-temperature oxidation-resistant ceramic coatings on their surfaces is an effective way to improve their high-temperature oxidation and ablation resistance.In this paper,the main failure mechanisms of C/C composites during high-temperature service and the protection mechanisms of oxidation-resistant coatings were systematically reviewed.The research progress of three typical ultra-high temperature ceramic coating systems was summarized,including ZrB₂-based,ZrC-based and ZrSiO₄-based coatings,in terms of structural design,preparation technology and high-temperature protective performance.Meanwhile,the functional mechanisms of novel protection systems such as multiphase doping,gradient composite structures and nano-reinforced coatings in inhibiting oxygen diffusion,relieving thermal stress and improving self-healing ability were emphatically analyzed.On this basis,the development directions of high-performance oxidation-resistant coatings were prospected in terms of material system design,green preparation process optimization and extreme environment adaptability evaluation,so as to provide a reference for the long-term and stable service of C/C composites in complex high-temperature environments.

Key words: C/C composites, high temperature ceramic coatings, oxidation resistance, ablation resistance

中图分类号:

TQ174.4

侯利超, 田学坤, 顾强, 刘新红. C/C复合材料高温抗氧化涂层的研究进展[J]. 耐火材料, 2026, 60(5): 454-460.

Hou Lichao, Tian Xuekun, Gu Qiang, Liu Xinhong. Research progress of high temperature oxidation-resistant coatings for C/C composites[J]. Refractories, 2026, 60(5): 454-460.

参考文献

[1] 赵丹.耐超高温陶瓷先驱体及其复合材料的制备和性能研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2011.
[2] 杨亚政,杨嘉陵,方岱宁.高超声速飞行器热防护材料与结构的研究进展[J].应用数学和力学,2008,29(1):47-56.
[3] 刘子京,樊坤阳,黄淙,等.C/C复合材料ZrB₂基超高温陶瓷涂层的研究进展[J].材料科学与工艺,2022,30(5):69-81.
[4] 王麓焱,刘荣军,王衍飞,等.C/C复合材料高温抗氧化陶瓷防护涂层的研究进展与展望[J].硅酸盐学报,2025(3):688-699.
[5] 祝俊良,史小红,陈梓山,等.C/C复合材料SiC涂层裂纹形貌及分布的研究[J].稀有金属,2012,36(3):423-427.
[6] 茅振国,罗瑞盈.C/C复合材料抗氧化涂层材料体系的研究进展[J].合成材料老化与应用,2017,46(1):75-84.
[7] 李贺军,陈苗苗,姚西媛,等.自愈合C/C复合材料的研究现状与展望[J].硅酸盐学报,2018,46(1):142-149.
[8] 于长新,王发刚,刘新超,等.C/C复合材料超高温陶瓷涂层的研究进展[J].陶瓷学报,2017,38(6):806-810.
[9] 焦星剑,李同起,张中伟,等.C/C复合材料的SiC/Si-B₄C涂层在500～1500 ℃的抗氧化机制[J].复合材料学报,2018,35(11):3130-3136.
[10] Ma H B,Zou J,Zhu J T,et al.Thermal and electrical transport in ZrB₂-SiC-WC ceramics up to 1 800 ℃[J].Acta Materialia,2017,129:159-169.
[11] Fahrenholtz W G,Hilmas G E.Ultra-high temperature ceramics:Materials for extreme environments[J].Scripta Materialia,2017,129:94-99.
[12] 王少雷,李红,任慕苏,等.SiC-ZrC-C/C复合材料的制备及其烧蚀性能[J].复合材料学报,2017,34(5):1040-1047.
[13] Ren J C,Feng E R,Zhang Y L,et al.Microstructure and anti-ablation performance of HfC-TaC and HfC-ZrC coatings synthesized by CVD on C/C composites[J].Ceramics International,2020,46(8):10147-10158.
[14] Zou X,Fu Q G,Liu L,et al.ZrB₂-SiC coating to protect carbon/carbon composites against ablation[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2013,226:17-21.
[15] Chu Y H,Jing S Y,Chen J K.In situ synthesis of homogeneously dispersed SiC nanowires in reaction sintered silicon-based ceramic powders[J].Ceramics International,2018,44(6):6681-6685.
[16] Chu Y H,Chen J K,Tang J D.SiC nanowire-induced fabrication of fine-grained and highly-density SiC coating by pressure-less reactive sintering[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,755:206-210.
[17] 安娜,邵康宸.C/C复合材料ZrB₂-SiC涂层的微观结构及烧蚀性能研究[J].合成材料老化与应用,2020,49(4):71-73+165.
[18] 薛朋飞,刘津生,孙建涛,等.ZrB₂-SiC/(C/C)复合涂层材料微观结构与静态氧化特性[J].复合材料学报,2019,36(9):2163-2168.
[19] 綦育仕.用于C/C复合材料的ZrB₂-SiC超高温陶瓷涂层的研究[D].济南:济南大学,2016.
[20] 张天助.C/C复合材料ZrB₂-SiC基陶瓷涂层的制备及性能研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.
[21] 韩文波,周长灵,胡平,等.C/C-SiC-ZrB₂复合材料表面SiC/ZrB₂-SiC/SiC涂层的制备及抗氧化烧蚀性能研究[J].装备环境工程,2019,16(10):1-7.
[22] 曾毅,张武装,熊翔.C/C复合材料SiC/ZrB₂-MoSi₂复合涂层的抗氧化机制[J].复合材料学报,2010,27(3):50-55.
[23] 毛金元,刘敏,毛杰,等.等离子喷涂制备ZrB₂-MoSi₂复合涂层及其抗氧化性能[J].无机材料学报,2015,30(3):282-286.
[24] Yin X M,Li H J,Han L Y,et al.Lightweight and flexible 3D graphene microtubes membrane for high-efficiency electromagnetic-interference shielding[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2020,387:124025.
[25] Sun J,Fu Q G,Zhang G P,et al.Melting index of plasma sprayed molybdenum silicide characterized by constitutions and its effect on oxidation kinetics[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,766:95-103.
[26] 姚西媛,陈苗苗,冯广辉.La₂O₃改性ZrB₂-SiC涂层C/C复合材料全温域抗氧化行为研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2020,49(1):241-246.
[27] Li J H,Zhang Y L,Wang H H,et al.Long-life ablation resistance ZrB₂-SiC-TiSi₂ ceramic coating for SiC coated C/C composites under oxidizing environments up to 2200 K[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2020,824:153934.
[28] 张泽,辜思聪,朱时珍,等.等离子喷涂制备ZrB₂-SiC-MoSi₂-TaSi₂复合涂层的抗烧蚀性能及机理研究[C]//第二十二届国际热喷涂研讨会(ITSS 2019)暨第二十三届全国热喷涂年会( CNTSC 2019),马鞍山,2019:56-63.
[29] Feng T,Li H J,Hu M H,et al.Oxidation and ablation resistance of Fe₂O₃ modified ZrB₂-SiC-Si coating for carbon/carbon composites[J].Ceramics International,2016,42(1):270-278.
[30] 刘树仙,董志军,张贤,等.Si/Zr质量比对SiC/ZrC涂层微观结构及其抗氧化性能的影响[J].中国表面工程,2014,27(3):43-49.
[31] 董志军,黄锐,罗安安,等.包埋添加剂对SiC-ZrC涂层C/C复合材料结构和性能的影响[J].表面技术,2014,43(6):22-27.
[32] 陈意高,姚熹,王凯杰,等.C/C复合材料表面超高温陶瓷涂层的快速成型及其烧蚀性能[J].材料导报,2025,39(12):78-82.
[33] 罗威,周伟,肖鹏,等.炭/炭复合材料表面SiC/ZrSiO₄复合涂层的制备及其微观结构与抗氧化性能[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2015,20(6):951-958.
[34] Li Y,Xiao P,Li Z,et al.Oxidation behavior of C/C composites with SiC/ZrSiO₄-SiO₂ coating[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2017,27(2):397-405.
[35] 周伟,肖鹏,李杨,等.炭/炭复合材料表面SiC/ZrSiO₄-SiO₂复合涂层的抗氧化性能与红外发射特性研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2017,46(11):3479-3484.
[36] Liu L C,Yang W M,Mo J Y,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of novel medium-entropy carbide ceramics[J].Computational Materials Science,2023,230:112464.
[37] Li J C,Zhang Y L,Zhao Y X,et al.A novel (Hf_1/3Zr_1/3Ti_1/3)C medium-entropy carbide coating with excellent long-life ablation resistance applied above 2100 ℃[J].Composites Part B:Engineering,2023,251:110467.
[38] Zhang Q C,Wang Z,Zhu L A,et al.In-situ preparation and ablative resistance of multicomponent refractory carbide ceramic gradient coatings[J].Ceramics International,2024,50(20):38070-38078.
[39] 黄剑锋,张玉涛,李贺军,等.国内碳/碳复合材料高温抗氧化涂层研究新进展[J].航空材料学报,2007,27(2):74-78.
[40] 曹凯.C/C复合材料表面CVD SiC/TaC梯度复合涂层制备工艺与抗烧蚀性能研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2024.
[41] Zhang B,Yi M Z,Xie A L,et al.A novel gradient CrSi₂-ZrSi₂-SiC-Si coating for long-term oxidation protection of C/C composites at 1773 K[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2024,44(3):1534-1542.
[42] 王硕博,刘可立,宋运泽,等.C/C复合材料表面陶瓷涂层研究进展[J].推进技术,2025,46(2):1-15.
[43] Xie A L,Zhang B,Ge Y C,et al.Effect of the incorporation of SiC nanowire with double protective layers on SiC coating for C/C composites[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2023,43(11):4636-4644.

C/C复合材料高温抗氧化涂层的研究进展

Research progress of high temperature oxidation-resistant coatings for C/C composites

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	潘磊, 高陟, 付卫东, 孟红涛, 王作创, 马北越. Ti(C,N)复合粉与Si粉对浸入式水口用铝碳材料性能的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2026, 60(4): 282-288.
[2]	倪巍, 赵世贤, 王文武, 李虹屿, 李凌锋, 李红霞. 双黏结层结构热障涂层的研究进展[J]. 耐火材料, 2026, 60(4): 351-356.
[3]	阮国智, 张智慧, 张兰芹. 石墨烯滑板涂料的制备及性能研究[J]. 耐火材料, 2025, 59(4): 337-339.
[4]	杜娟, 李文凤, 郭会师, 申天姿, 石凯, 曹骏. 锆刚玉添加量对Al₂O₃-SiC-C材料结构和性能的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2025, 59(3): 208-212.
[5]	王圣博, 侯庆冬, 田吉, 罗旭东, 马北越, 李季佳, 满斯林. 镁碳质耐火材料的损毁机制及性能研究进展[J]. 耐火材料, 2025, 59(3): 259-265.
[6]	马昭蕊, 孙小飞, 刘广华, 赵世贤, 丛鹤地, 王刚. SiC气凝胶材料表面ZrB₂陶瓷涂层的制备及抗氧化性能研究[J]. 耐火材料, 2025, 59(2): 144-148.
[7]	李有奇, 何健, 陈俊峰, 张嘉良, 李正坤. Si₃N₄/Si₂N₂O复相粉体对Al₂O₃-SiC-C浇注料性能的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2025, 59(1): 1-7.
[8]	罗益欣, 王杏, 刘正龙, 余超, 邓承继, 丁军. h-BN对低碳Al₂O₃-C耐火材料性能的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2025, 59(1): 13-18.
[9]	张瑞, 孙旭东, 魏瀚, 袁彪, 王俊涛袁林, 刘士范, 陈松林. 工艺参数对Al₂O₃-C耐火材料抗氧化性和抗水化性的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2025, 59(1): 65-69.
[10]	邹泽辉, 童胜利, 朱子云. 高钛渣添加量对Al₂O₃-SiC-C浇注料性能的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2025, 59(1): 76-81.
[11]	王博, 庄辛鹏, 李归, 王宇龙, 李媛琪, 施伟, 李佳艳. SiC纳米线对大气等离子喷涂硅涂层性能的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2024, 58(5): 369-375.
[12]	何维祥, 罗明, 何亮, 柯极峰. 高精炼比模式下钢包渣线镁碳砖的研制及应用[J]. 耐火材料, 2024, 58(3): 234-237.
[13]	孟红涛, 马龙斌, 刘鑫. 预氧化对焦炉用氮化物结合碳化硅材料抗氧化性的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2024, 58(3): 242-245.
[14]	邹鑫, 肖学平, 宋雅楠, 陈平安, 朱颖丽, 李享成. B₄C添加量对Al₂O₃-C材料性能的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2023, 57(4): 310-313.
[15]	吕思维, 李明晖, 倪薇, 童胜利, 陈若愚, 李赛赛, 李灿华. 锂辉石粒度对Al₂O₃-SiC-C浇注料性能的影响[J]. 耐火材料, 2023, 57(4): 337-342.