Preparation and application status of mullite-based porous materials

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1935.2026.03.013

Abstract

Abstract: Mullite has a high melting point,a low thermal expansion coefficient,excellent thermal shock resistance,and relatively low thermal conductivity.Therefore,porous mullite-based materials are widely used in high-temperature thermal insulation,catalysis,filtration,and other fields.The research and application status of porous mullite,mullite fiber-based ceramics,and mullite aerogels,based on the differences in the morphology and structure of mullite,were reviewed in this manuscript.Furthermore,the future research directions and application prospects of mullite-based porous materials are discussed,aiming to provide references and insights for the future research.

Key words: porous mullite, mullite fiber-based ceramics, mullite aerogel, thermal insulation, catalysis, filtration

摘要： 莫来石具有较高的熔点、较低的热膨胀系数、优良的抗热震性能以及相对较低的热导率等,莫来石基多孔材料常被应用于高温隔热、催化、过滤等领域。根据莫来石形貌和结构的不同,综述了多孔莫来石、莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷、莫来石气凝胶等的制备方法和应用现状,并对莫来石基多孔材料未来的研究方向和应用领域进行了展望,以期为相关领域的研究提供思路。

关键词: 多孔莫来石, 莫来石纤维基陶瓷, 莫来石气凝胶, 隔热, 催化, 过滤

CLC Number:

TQ175

Liu Jinhua, Tian Xuekun, Yin Tianpei, Yan Donghong, Zhao Fei, Luo Zhongtao, Li Suping, Liu Xinhong. Preparation and application status of mullite-based porous materials[J]. Refractories, 2026, 60(3): 254-260.

刘金华, 田学坤, 尹天培, 闫东红, 赵飞, 罗忠涛, 李素平, 刘新红. 莫来石基多孔材料制备方法研究进展[J]. 耐火材料, 2026, 60(3): 254-260.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: http://www.nhcl.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1935.2026.03.013

http://www.nhcl.cn/EN/Y2026/V60/I3/254

References

[1] Li J T,Wang W J,Du H Y,et al.Kaolin/silica/mullite fiber multilayer membranes for high-efficiency gas filtration[J]. Ceramics International,2020,46(18):28742-28748.
[2] Twibi M F,Othman M H D,Hubadillah S K,et al.Development of high strength,porous mullite ceramic hollow fiber membrane for treatment of oily wastewater[J]. Ceramics International,2021,47(11):15367-15382.
[3] 孙东旭.硼酸镁晶须原位生长及连接MgO陶瓷工艺与机理[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[4] Zhao F,Ge T Z,Gao J X,et al.Transient liquid phase diffusion process for porous mullite ceramics with excellent mechanical properties[J]. Ceramics International,2018,44(16):19123-19130.
[5] 郭会师,陈文亮,李文凤,等.烧结温度对莫来石多孔陶瓷结构与性能的影响[J]. 耐火材料,2023,57(1):10-14.
[6] Zan W Y,Ma B Y,Chen G X,et al.Preparation and properties of mullite ceramic-based porous aggregates with high closed porosity utilizing low-voltage electroceramics waste[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2024,436:136943.
[7] 姚帅锋,许红亮,孙俊民,等.利用高铝粉煤灰制备多孔陶瓷工艺研究[J]. 人工晶体学报,2019,48(4):687-692.
[8] Choo T F,Mohd-Salleh M A,Kok K Y,et al.Modified cenospheres as non-sacrificial pore-forming agent for porous mullite ceramics[J]. Ceramics International,2019,45(17):21827-21834.
[9] 李晶杨,余俊,赵惠忠,等.以溶胶浸渍核桃壳粉为造孔剂制备多孔莫来石材料[J]. 耐火材料,2022(3):231-234.
[10] Zhou W Y,Yan W,Li N,et al.Preparation and characterization of mullite foam ceramics with porous struts from white clay and industrial alumina[J]. Ceramics International,2018,44(18):22950-22956.
[11] 徐娜,王挺.采用发泡-流延成型工艺制备多孔莫来石发泡陶瓷[J]. 耐火材料,2020,54(4):330-333.
[12] Deng X,Wang J,Du S,et al.Fabrication of porous ceramics by direct foaming[J]. Interceram-International Ceramic Review,2014,63(3):104-108.
[13] 吴文浩,张海军,葛胜涛,等.发泡法制备莫来石多孔陶瓷[J]. 硅酸盐学报,2020,48(9):1359-1365.
[14] 高超超,徐艳恒,刘明勇,等.莫来石-堇青石质废窑具制备轻质隔热材料[J]. 耐火材料,2023,57(4):343-346.
[15] Zhang H Y.Preparation of porous ceramic building decoration materials by foaming method and research on nanomechanical properties[J]. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2022,2022:8339503.
[16] Sotiropoulou S,Sierra-Sastre Y,Mark S S,et al.Biotemplated nanostructured materials[J]. Chemistry of Materials,2008,20(3):821-834.
[17] Kalemtas A,Özey N,Aytekin-Aydin M T.Processing of layered porous mullite ceramics[J]. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society,2018,54(3):545-555.
[18] Li X,Li S,Wan Y M,et al.Controllable preparation and properties of gel-casting porous mullite ceramics via lignin fiber assisted pore formation method[J]. Ceramics International,2023,49(22):35552-35562.
[19] Liu R P,Xu T T,Wang C G.A review of fabrication strategies and applications of porous ceramics prepared by freeze-casting method[J]. Ceramics International,2016,42(2):2907-2925.
[20] Fukushima M,Yoshizawa Y I.Fabrication and morphology control of highly porous mullite thermal insulators prepared by gelation freezing route[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2016,36(12):2947-2953.
[21] Mu Y W,Li W J,Chen J H,et al.Strengthening mechanism of mechanical properties of lightweight mullite fiber thermal insulation materials with different types of binders[J]. Ceramics International,2024,50(11):18718-18728.
[22] 王瑞,杨道媛,原会雨,等.TiO₂加入量对光固化打印成型Al₂O₃陶瓷性能的影响[J]. 耐火材料,2022,56(2):112-116.
[23] 李鑫,曹岳岐,张强,等.光固化3D打印制备莫来石纤维基多孔陶瓷[J]. 耐火材料,2023,57(6):461-466.
[24] Sun J J,Hu Z J,Li J N,et al.Thermal and mechanical properties of fibrous zirconia ceramics with ultra-high porosity[J]. Ceramics International,2014,40(8):11787-11793.
[25] Zhang R B,Ye C S,Hou X B,et al.Microstructure and properties of lightweight fibrous porous mullite ceramics prepared by vacuum squeeze moulding technique[J]. Ceramics International,2016,42(13):14843-14848.
[26] 季文玲,呼世磊,崔燚,等.纺丝液参数对静电纺丝制备莫来石纳米纤维的影响[J]. 耐火材料,2018,52(2):93-98.
[27] Qin Z,Xu X J,Xu T F,et al.High-strength thermal insulating porous mullite fiber-based ceramics[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2022,42(15):7209-7218.
[28] Yan X H,Yuan L,Liu Z L,et al.Preparation of porous mullite ceramic for high temperature flue gas filtration application by gel casting method[J]. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society,2021,57(4):1189-1198.
[29] Zhang Y,Wu Y J,Yang X K,et al.High-strength thermal insulating mullite nanofibrous porous ceramics[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2020,40(5):2090-2096.
[30] Zhang J,Dong X,Hou F,et al.Effects of fiber length and solid loading on the properties of lightweight elastic mullite fibrous ceramics[J]. Ceramics International,2016,42(4):5018-5023.
[31] Yang F Y,Zhao S,Sun W C,et al.Fibrous porous mullite ceramics modified by mullite whiskers for thermal insulation and sound absorption[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2023,43(2):521-529.
[32] Zhu J X,Zhu R J,Hu Y W,et al.Mullite fiber porous ceramic with high quality factor for high-temperature PM filtration[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2024,44(4):2630-2637.
[33] Yang Y L,Fu W Y,Chen X X,et al.Fabrication of homogeneous mullite-based fiber porous ceramics with high strength and porosity[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2022,42(15):7219-7227.
[34] Hou Z G,Du H Y,Liu J C,et al.Fabrication and properties of mullite fiber matrix porous ceramics by a TBA-based gel-casting process[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2013,33(4):717-725.
[35] Chen R F,Huang Y,Wang C G,et al.Ceramics with ultra-low density fabricated by gelcasting:An unconventional view[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2007,90(11):3424-3429.
[36] Liu Z L,Gao J,Tian C,et al.Preparation and study of mullite ceramic fibre porous membranes with near-net shape forming and high gas permeability[J]. Ceramics International,2025,51(2):2626-2638.
[37] 赵峰,刘静,林琳,等.基于冰模板法构筑孔道结构的合成策略及研究进展[J]. 精细化工,2023,40(3):540-552.
[38] 阿拉腾沙嘎,乔樑.冰模板陶瓷纤维多孔材料的研究进展[J]. 辽宁化工,2023,52(5):704-709.
[39] Zhang X Y,Guo A R,Ma X H,et al.Cuttlefish-bone-structure-like lamellar porous fiber-based ceramics with enhanced mechanical performances[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2023,15(10):13121-13130.
[40] He F,Li W J,Zhou L,et al.Preparation and characterization of the three-dimensional network mullite porous fibrous materials by pressure and freeze-casting method[J]. Ceramics International,2019,45(3):3954-3960.
[41] 刘朝阳,潘松阳,董泽明,等.莫来石晶须的制备、生长机制及应用研究进展[J]. 耐火材料,2023,57(3):270-276.
[42] 熊洵,刘浩,马妍,等.多孔莫来石陶瓷制备与性能研究[J]. 耐火材料,2019,53(5):336-341+347.
[43] 秦梦黎,罗颖,申自强,等.莫来石晶须/陶瓷纤维增强堇青石质隔热材料[J]. 耐火材料,2024,58(1):8-12.
[44] Wang X,Guo A R,Liu J P,et al.Effects of in situ synthesized mullite whiskers on compressive strength of mullite fiber brick[J]. Ceramics International,2016,42(11):13161-13167.
[45] Li Z,Gong L L,Cheng X D,et al.Flexible silica aerogel composites strengthened with aramid fibers and their thermal behavior[J]. Materials & Design,2016,99:349-355.
[46] Su C X,Koudama T D,Wu X D,et al.Rational design of a novel mullite aerogel with extremely high mechanical strength and anti-oxidation behavior for advanced thermal protection in extreme environments[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2024,44(3):1761-1771.
[47] Liu Y K,Zhang B,Tian X Y,et al.Ultralight mullite nanofibrous aerogel with thermal insulation performance and robust mechanical property[C]//2023 IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference,Italy Paestum,2023:252-255.
[48] Cheng X T,Chang X Y,Liao Y L,et al.Highly compressible and stretchable ceramic aerogels with nanofiber-nanosheet binary synergistic structure for thermal insulation in extreme environments[J]. Ceramics International,2024,50(5):7451-7457.
[49] 鲍艳,杨永强,马建中.模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报,2013,28(5):459-468.
[50] Zhang B J,Liu Y,Wu Q X,et al.Super-insulating,ultralight and high-strength mullite-based nanofiber composite aerogels[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2022,42(13):5995-6004.
[51] Liu R L,Dong X,Xie S T,et al.Ultralight,thermal insulating,and high-temperature-resistant mullite-based nanofibrous aerogels[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2019,360:464-472.
[52] Guo H,Sun J Y,Ge J,et al.Flexible mullite nanofiber membranes with high-temperature resistance and excellent thermal insulation[J]. Ceramics International,2024,50(3):4936-4944.
[53] Wang J Y,Li H Y,Liu H L,et al.Polar bear hair inspired ternary composite ceramic aerogel with excellent interfacial bonding and efficient infrared transmittance for thermal insulation[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2023,43(11):4927-4938.