Abstract: The ladle capacity expansion schemes with thinned permanent layers and working layers were numerically simulated and analyzed,and the temperature field change was researched.Thinning the permanent layer increases the heat dissipation loss of ladles,which has little effect on the temperature field and slag corrosion of refractories for the working layer of ladle walls.When thinning both the permanent layer and the working layer,the temperature of the working layer in the ladle wall area changes slightly,which has no significant impact on the service life;in the slag line area of ladles,the temperature rises and the slag corrosion intensifies in the steel holding stage;and the temperature has a large gradient during cooling,sharpening the thermal shock,thus easily leading to spalling.For ladle capacity expansion,to give consideration to both the heat dissipation and the ladle lining life,the thickness of precast blocks for the permanent layer and the working layer of ladle walls is reduced by 30 mm respectively,and the magnesia carbon bricks for slag line are subject to minor repairs,medium repairs and timely maintenance to achieve the overhaul cycle.The industrial test results show that:after ladle capacity expansion,the average molten steel capacity of ladles increases from 200 to 218 t;and under the smelting requirements of a high steel scrap ratio,the molten steel capacity of ladles can reach 220 t.

Key words: ladle, capacity expansion, structure simulation, numerical simulation, refractories

摘要： 分别对永久层、工作层减薄的钢包扩容方案进行了数值模拟分析,对其温度场变化规律进行了探讨。永久层减薄后钢包散热损失增加,对包壁工作层耐火材料的温度场和渣侵蚀影响不大。工作层、永久层同时减薄后包壁区域工作层温度变化不大,对寿命无显著影响;渣线区域接钢阶段温度升高,渣侵蚀加剧;冷却阶段温度变化梯度大,热震加剧,易剥落。进行钢包扩容时,为兼顾散热与钢包衬寿命,永久层与工作层包壁预制砖厚度各减少30 mm,渣线镁碳砖采用小修、中修、及时维护以达到大修周期。工业试验结果表明:试验钢包扩容后,平均装入钢水量由200 t提高至218 t;在大废钢比的冶炼要求下,钢包中钢水装入量可达220 t。

关键词: 钢包, 扩容, 结构模拟, 数值模拟, 耐火材料